civilization of Western
As discussed in class, what was a major catalyst for why the small city-state of Rome grew rapidly into a Republic that controlled the majority of the Italian peninsula?
The victory over Greek forces led by Pyrrhus
Roman Legion victory over their neighbors in quick succession
The invasion and sacking of Rome by the Celts
The invasion and sacking of Rome by the Greek
What is “Modernization Theory”?
A theory only developed in the past 30 years that is used to explain the process of modernization within societies
The principle that the world is ever evolving into a more modern or better state
A subset of Communist theory that explains how societies develop
The only correct explanation of “Civilization” that emphasizes sequential development
The Cognitive Revolution resulted in which two major developments in the lives of human beings?
Tool development and biological evolution
Complex thoughts and large social networks
Large social networks and agriculture
Complex thoughts and irrigation networks
What would *NOT* be an example of “arete” to a Greek person living in the year 500 BCE?
An fruit tree that produces good tasting fruit and has a uniform, aesthetically pleasing shape
A dog who was loyal to its owner and bravely defended the owner’s home and livestock
A dog who was loyal to its owner and bravely defended the owner’s home and livestock
An adult male who was prone to emotional outbursts in public, behaved irrationally often, and retreated from conflict
The earliest Ancient Olympics (ca. 776 BCE) considered which of the following to be most important?
Philosophical debate
Religious ritual
Artistic production
Athletic competition
Fertility celebrations
What was the Helot War?
The war between Sparta and Athens
The legal mistreatment of enslaved people by Spartan young men once every Autumn
A rebellion by Athenian slaves (nicknamed “Helots”)
A conflict between Persia and the Greek poleis of Helot
As discussed in class, roughly what percentage of Athens was enslaved during the Classical period?
<1%
About one-third
Roughly half
>90%
What was the biggest outcome of the Peloponnesian War?
Persians re-take more of the Ionian Greek cities
Sparta becomes the dominant Greek polis for over a century
Athens begins state-financed armies
Alexander of Macedonia rises to power
What was the purpose of the Roman Senate throughout much of the Roman Republic era?
To exclusively manage the military
To handle all diplomatic relations
To provide expert advice to elected officials
It served no purpose other than for Patricians to enjoy easy jobs
Which of the following were traits of the three major Hellenistic Greek Kingdoms (Ptolemaic, Antigonid, Seleucid)? Three are correct.
Abandoned the militarism of Alexander in favor of true peace
Significant scientific developments (especially in the realm of geometry)
Did not place an emphasis on learning like Classical Greeks
Rejected documentation in favor of oral tradition
Emphasis on the cruelty of Gods
Elites generally did not adopt local languages of the people
Shared language amongst elites
There were a few reasons why, but what was the biggest reason why the Roman Republic had a complex democracy that elected not one, but *two* top-level administrators (Consuls)?
It was a tradition started by Romulus
Romans were simply obsessed with complexity
Romans feared the possibility of a single corrupt indiviudal siezing power
It was an effort by Plebians to sieze power from Patricians
What was the Roman value of Romanitas?
The idea that everyone should be strong, honest, and powerful
The exact opposite of the Greek idea of arete
A procedure ensuring that Dictators must step down after wartime
It wasn’t a virtue, but one of the 7 hills upon which Rome was built